¿Bautizos civiles?
José Antonio Ponce es el alcalde del municipio malagueño de El Borge, en la zona interior de la hoy llamada comarca de La Anarquía, al este de la capital provincial. El regidor llevo a cabo formalmente, hace unos meses, la declaración de apostasía ante el Obispado de Málaga. Está siendo noticia, últimamente, por su intención de ofrecer un “bautismo civil” a los niños – “borgianos” o “borgenses” – que vayan viniendo al mundo. Parece que el acto consistiría, fundamentalmente, en la presentación del hijo, la lectura de la Carta Europea de los Derechos del Niño y algunos artículos de la Constitución europea (¿?), así como del compromiso de los padres y padrinos de garantizar la educación laica y democrática del recién nacido.
Pasando de la anécdota a la categoría, y del pintoresco personaje al fondo del asunto, brindo al lector algunas pequeñas reflexiones sobre la propuesta de un acto civil que celebre el nacimiento de un nuevo indivíduo.
En primer lugar: el surgimiento de una nuevo vida es siempre un momento de alegría que merece una celebración gozosa. Además se trata de la incorporación de un nuevo miembro a la sociedad, con todo lo que esto tiene de promesa y compromiso. Todo esto es así, como resulta lógico, cualquiera que sean las creencias de los miembros de la sociedad. Cosa muy distinta es, sin embargo, que sea el Estado, las administraciones públicas, el que se encargue de dar esa bienvenida y estar presente en esa incorporación. Parece que estaríamos ante una invasión inaceptable del ámbito social y familiar.
Por lo demás, un acto civil, surgido de la propia sociedad, apto para cualquier persona, independientemente de sus creencias específicas, presentaría algunos rasgos positivos. Subrayaría, por ejemplo, que, sea cual sea la adscripción religiosa de cada uno, todos coincidimos en nuestro carácter de ciudadanos, poseedores de dignidad humana, sujetos de deberes y derechos, responsables de construir una sociedad cada vez más justa. Claro que los derechos europeos del niño no serían el texto más apropiado para la ocasión…
Un hipotético acto civil con motivo de un nacimiento podría ayudar a aclarar las peticiones indiscriminadas del bautismo cristiano. Ofrecería una alternativa real a un sacramento que, con cierta frecuencia, parece que se solicita por motivos escasamente cristianos. Además ese supuesto “bautismo civil”, en las condiciones que he apuntado más arriba, podría servir de acicate al bautizo cristiano para que, tanto en su preparación como en su desarrollo, se manifestara más claramente su carácter de compromiso del bautizado para contribuir a una sociedad mejor, compromiso en el que coincidimos con los no cristianos. Por aquí nos adentraríamos en el apasionante terreno de la ética cívica.
Pero como, según el Evangelio, hemos de ser sencillos como palomas y astutos como serpientes, los cristianos hemos de tener presente que las actuales propuestas de “bautismos civiles” a menudo llevan consigo el intento de sustituir al bautismo cristiano, es decir, acabar con éste. Es, una vez más, la labor sucia del laicismo excluyente, gran partidario de la tolerancia…, menos cuando se trata de las creencias religiosas.
Por último, no deja de ser curioso que, cuando se ofrecen alternativas a la religión, se caiga, en rituales de inspiración religiosa. Este hecho parece apuntar hacia un fondo religioso de todo hombre, que no es posible anular. Claro que, en el caso de la propuesta del alcalde de El Borge, falta el agua, lo que, por otra parte, no debe extrañarnos en una tierra donde llueve poco y, en cambio, se produce un vino excelente (sugerencia para una “Primera comunión laica”)
En fin, invito a los lectores a que expresen su punto de vista sobre el particular. Se lo agradeceré de verdad.
Antonio Oviedo
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