Iglesia y Reino
Quiero, en primer lugar, dejar claro algo que es fundamental y que no siempre se distingue bien: si no en la teoría, sí en la práctica. Y es la diferencia entre lo que esla Iglesiay lo que es el Reino (de Dios), aunque prefiero llamarlo “reinado de Dios”. Y dejar también claro que lo verdaderamente importante, y lo que Jesús predicó es el Reino; en qué consiste y qué es.
La Iglesiaes un “instrumento” al servicio de ese Reino, o Reinado. Por tanto no es “fin”, sino “medio”. Y por tanto, lo más importante no esla Iglesia, sino el Reino. Y, con frecuencia, se confunde, y se da excesiva importancia ala Iglesia. Dehecho, si nos damos cuenta, se habla constantemente dela Iglesia, y muy poco, o bastante menos, del Reino.
Gandhi, aquel indio que ha dejado tanta huella en todo el mundo, leyó el Evangelio y quedó impresionado. De Jesús y del Reino de Dios habla así:
“Jesús ocupa en mi corazón el lugar de un gran maestro de la humanidad que ha influido considerablemente en mi vida. Yo digo a los hindúes que su vida será imperfecta, si no estudian con reverencia la doctrina de Jesús. Hay sobre todo un texto que me ha captado de un modo especial: “Buscad primero el Reino de Dios y su justicia, y todo lo demás se os dará por añadidura”. “Se ha cumplido el plazo, está cerca el Reino de Dios: Convertíos y creed en el Evangelio (Mc1, 15). “El Reino de Dios no vendrá espectacularmente, ni anunciarán que está aquí o está allí, porque mirad, el Reino de Dios está dentro de vosotros” (Lc. 17, 21).
El Reino de Dios, es el centro del mensaje de Jesús. Aparece en el Evangelio 120 veces y en ocasiones como en San Mateo, se le llamará el Reino de los Cielos. Pero sin olvidar que ese reinado se refiere a este mundo. Aquí hay que procurarlo.
Jesús no habla mucho de Dios, sino del Reino de Dios. Y la expresión “Reino de Dios” significa dónde, cuándo y cómo encuentra cada uno a Dios. ¿De qué sirve tener claro quién es Jesús, si después no lo busco donde puedo encontrarlo? A Dios sólo lo podemos encontrar a través de mediaciones y esas mediaciones (qué, dónde, cuándo y cómo) es el Reino de Dios: fraternidad universal, paz, justicia, amor…
Jesús fue recorriendo los caminos curando todo achaque y enfermedad del pueblo. El Evangelista pone en relación el Reino de Dios con la curación de los males. A Dios se le encuentra tratando de curar todo achaque y enfermedad del pueblo.
La Misiónque Jesús les da a los discípulos y los milagros que realiza no quieren decir que vayamos por la vida haciendo milagros, sino que el Reino de Dios es una llamada a dar vida, dignificarla, respetarla, defenderla, potenciarla, disfrutarla, gozarla El proyecto de Jesús no es un proyecto eminentemente religioso, sino de vida.La Religióntendrá sentido cuando esté al servicio del Reino, de la vida, y no al revés. El centro no es la religión sino la vida, aunque en la historia ha sido al contrario (Inquisición, guerras de religión, cultos…). En el Reino de Dios tienen preferencia los más olvidados, marginados y despreciados.
Decir que Dios va a reinar es lo mismo que decir que se va a prevalecer la voluntad de Dios, lo que Dios efectivamente quiere. Es el ideal de una nueva sociedad, una sociedad digna del hombre, en la que finalmente se implanta la fraternidad, la igualdad y la solidaridad entre todos. Y una sociedad además en la que, si alguien es privilegiado y favorecido, ése es precisamente el débil el marginado, el que por sí mismo no puede defenderse. Jesús proclama que Dios es padre de todos por igual. Y si es Padre, eso quiere decir que todos somos hermanos, iguales y solidarios los unos de los otros. Además, en toda familia bien nacida, si a alguien se privilegia, es precisamente, al menos favorecido, al desgraciado y al indefenso. He ahí el ideal de lo que representa el Reino de Dios en la predicación de Jesús.
Es una realidad misteriosa que el Evangelio describe con las más variadas imágenes: es como la semilla, como el grano de mostaza, como la levadura, como la perla fina, como el tesoro escondido, algo sumamente valioso por lo que vale la pena vivir y morir.
Jesús es el Rey que, con su muerte y resurrección ha vencido el pecado y la muerte y se ha constituido Señor del universo. El ha traído a los hombres la salvación, inaugurando el nuevo tiempo, la nueva creación. Las “señales” del Reino de Dios nos la da Jesús con sus milagros. Nos dicen que el Reino ya ha llegado: que los ciegos ya ven, que los pobres son evangelizados… (Lc 4).
El Reino de Dios no es sólo liberación de males, sino también, y a la vez, posesión de los bienes que más anhelamos. La religión no puede tener como centro el sufrimiento, la muerte o el sacrificio, sino la vida. Por esola Iglesiaque quiere o tiene la encomienda de ir haciendo posible ese Reino, debe ser fuente de vida, de comprensión, de misericordia y de perdón. De lo contrario, será un anti-signo.
La opción por el Reino exige la conversión. Es la condición para ser admitidos en el Reino de Dios. Todos necesitamos rehacer nuestras conductas. Nos asustan el esfuerzo y la exigencia que nos impone la conversión, pero Jesús insiste en que el Reino de los cielos es de los violentos (Mt, 11, 12), de los que entran por la puerta estrecha (Lc 13, 24). Hay que venderlo todo y no volver la vista atrás (Lc. 9, 62). La conversión supone un cambio interior, un cambio radical que afecta a nuestro modo de pensar, de ser y de vivir; una auténtica revolución interior; enfrentarnos a solas con nosotros mismos, para arrancar el corazón de piedra y cambiarlo por un corazón de carne (Ex 36, 26), por un corazón y un espíritu recto (Sal 50, 12). En resumen, la actitud de conversión deberá estar presente a lo largo de toda nuestra vida.
El Reino de Dios ya está en marcha. Entretanto vivimos en tensión, sabiendo que debemos buscar primero el Reino de Dios, porque lo demás “se nos daré como añadidura”.
Félix González, ss.cc.
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