Educación para la ciudadanía
En este comienzo de curso vuelve a salir a la palestra el asunto de la nueva asignatura de “Educación para la ciudadanía” (EpC). Parece un tema obligado en tertulias radiofónicas, columnas periodísticas, coloquios televisivos, cartas a los directores de los medios…Todo el mundo parece tener una opinión sobre el particular. Otra cosa es que esas opiniones estén bien fundadas y tengan en cuenta las múltiples facetas que presenta EpC.
Convendría advertir, para empezar, que EpC no es el único ni el principal problema de la educación en España. Basta mirar a nuestros niños y adolescentes para apreciar lo necesitados que andan de muchos ingredientes de eso que llamamos pomposamente “educación integral”. Si estamos a la cola de la Unión Europea en cuanto a conocimientos y destrezas, no andamos más arriba en actitudes, valolres, desarrollo personal, sentido crítico… A la vista de esto, ni el problema ni la solución están en EpC.
Se dice que EpC viene obligada en España por nuestra pertenencia a la Unión Europea. No obstante, si se quiere decir toda la verdad habría que afirmar también que la Unión establece una educación que comprenda el estudio de la Declaración de los Derechos Humanos de 1948, la Constitución del propio país y algunos rasgos de su ordenamiento político y civil. Sólo eso, que no es poco, pero que, desde luego, no entra en los dibujos éticos que añade nuestra EpC.
Algunos sostienen que ciertas instituciones, como el Foro de la Familia y la Iglesia católica, están en contra de la EpC. Si también en esto se quiere decir toda la verdad, habría que hacer alguna consideración. Esas instituciones han proclamado repetidamente la necesidad de educar para que las personas seamos buenos ciudadanos. Sea muy bienvenido, pues, educar para una buena ciudadanía. Lo que señalan como rechazable es, sobre todo, que “nuestra” EpC toca temas éticos y convierte al Estado en educador de la conciencia, que es el sueño de todos los dictadores. Además, la intervención estatal en EpC no se hace desde una neutralidad ética sino tomando partido por opciones éticas concretas, con las que unos estarán de acuerdo y otros no.
En fin, se dice a veces, a modo de consuelo para disconformes, que una hora de EpC a la semana, y sólo en unos pocos cursos, no hará apenas mella en nadie; lo mismo que ocurría en la antigua y tan semejante Formación del Espíritu Nacional. Esto será verdad, probablemente, aunque en estas cosas hay que tener en cuenta tanto el fuero como el huevo.
Son, pues, diversos aspectos y matices. ¿Serán capaces de apreciarlos tantos de nuestros conciudadanos, anestesiados por la prensa rosa, el consumismo, el fútbol y José Tomás? ¡Si al menos los conocieran tantos “sabelotodos” que pululan por las tertulias de los medios!
Antonio Oviedo.
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